Turn a book, journal article, thesis, proceeding, or web source — from a form, raw BibTeX, a .bib file, or a DOI — into a clean Gaya UKM reference list.
UKM theses use a single reference list (Rujukan) — never a separate bibliography — in an author–date system. It resembles Harvard/Chicago but has its own rules worth knowing:
• The year is not in parentheses in the list (Smith, M. 2008. …, not (2008)). • Use & before the final author, never "dan/and", in the list. • et al. is not italicised. • Book/journal/proceeding titles are italic; an article title is not. • Editors are (pnyt.) not "eds.", "in" is Dlm., pages are hlm. • Second lines get a 12.5 mm hanging indent. • Online sources need an access date in [ ].
Formats here follow UKM Pusat Siswazah guidance (Panduan Penulisan Tesis Gaya UKM) and the faculty "common mistakes" handouts. The printed guide is the final authority — verify edge cases against your faculty's current copy. Malay/organisation names are kept whole, not inverted to initials — toggle that per author below.
@article, @book, @incollection/@inbook, @inproceedings, @phdthesis/@mastersthesis, @misc/@online. Multiple entries at once are fine.This is an unofficial helper, not affiliated with or endorsed by Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. It follows publicly documented Gaya UKM conventions, but the printed Panduan Penulisan Tesis Gaya UKM from your faculty is the final authority.
Auto-conversion (paste / BibTeX / DOI) is best-effort and can misread unusual formats. Before you submit, please check each entry — especially:
• Author names — Malay and organisation names should keep their full form (use the “whole name” toggle via Edit); they aren’t inverted to initials.
• Source type — confirm a book, chapter, proceeding or thesis wasn’t read as a journal article.
• Titles & journal names, page ranges, and access dates for online sources.