Dr. Mohd Nor Akmal Khalid · FTSM, UKM
Engineering intelligence at the intersection of theory and play.
Senior lecturer and researcher at FTSM, UKM. My work explores how generative AI, evolutionary computing, computational intelligence, and games informatics, to solve real-world problems.
113
Peer-reviewed publications
2012 — 2026
1,153
Citations
h-index 18 · i10 31
10
Funded grants
FRGS · GGPM · TR-UKM
14
Postgraduates supervised
PhD & Master's
—
Site visitors
cookie-free · live count
/ research program
Three pillars, one connected agenda.
PILLAR 01
Generative AI & Expert Systems
Generative models, LLM-assisted reasoning and knowledge-based systems — from text-to-video synthesis to explainable decision support.
Generative AIExpert Systems
PILLAR 02
Evolutionary Computing & Optimization
Immune algorithms, swarm intelligence and metaheuristics applied to scheduling, assembly-line balancing and large-scale combinatorial problems.
EvolutionaryOptimization
PILLAR 03
Games Informatics & Simulation
Game refinement theory, agent-based simulation and procedural content — measuring what makes play engaging and modelling emergent behaviour.
GamesSimulation
/ see the research run · live
Three pillars, running live.
Each pillar demonstrated, not described — a generative field that self-organizes, a search solving a maze, and emergent agents you can disturb.
Generative AI
A field that self-organizes
A living particle field — move your cursor to perturb it.
Optimization
A search solving a maze
Breadth-first search flooding the maze, then tracing the shortest path.
Games & Simulation
Emergence you can disturb
Boids flocking — click to seed, sweep to scatter.
/ the body of work · alive
113 papers as one constellation.
Every node a publication, coloured by research pillar and pulled toward its cluster. Split-colour nodes span two or more pillars. Hover to read a title, or flip to the list.
HIGHLIGHT ·
TYPE ·QUARTILE ·
Text-to-video generation with multi-loss sequential generative adversarial network2026
Youth Economic Empowerment through Artificial Intelligence: An Analysis of Legal Literacy Needs and Innovation Governance2026
A Systematic Literature Review on the Sand Cat Swarm Algorithm: Enhancements, Applications, and Future Directions2025
Machine Learning and Deep Learning Approaches for Fake News Detection: A Systematic Review of Techniques, Challenges, and Advancements2025
The impact of performance degree on players: Exploring player enjoyment and engagement in the dynamic of game process2025
Ludogenic innovation: How playing incentivizes technological innovation2025
Simulating AI-Human Collaborative Strategies in Sudoku Puzzle Generation2025
Exploring Efficiency and Solution Diversity for Type-E Assembly Line Balancing Problem2025
Framework for Assisted Knowledge Management Practices Using Large Language Models: Preliminary Findings2025
Modeling Sports Engagement: A Game Refinement Theory Perspective on Game Length and Scoring Frequency2025
From Opening to Endgame: When Does the Game Get Engaging and Exciting? Exploring Phase-Based Velocity Dynamics Using the MiM Framework2025
Machine Learning and Deep Learning Approaches for Fake News Detection: A Systematic Review of Techniques, Challenges, and Advancements2025
Enhancing auction experiences: Game dynamics and customer experience design2025
A novel deep neural model for efficient and scalable historical place image classification2025
Analyzing the gacha system in genshin impact: Odds, mechanics and player enticement2025
Inherent Addiction Mechanisms in Video Games’ Gacha2025
Studying the Emotional Impact of Increasing Cooperative Players Towards the Difficulty of a Game2025
Words shaping worlds: A comprehensive exploration of text-driven image and video generation with generative adversarial networks2025
A novel 2D hyperchaotic map with high complexity and its application in DCSK2025
User Requirements of Adaptive Learning Through Digital Game-Based Learning: User-Centered Design Approach to Enhance the Language Literacy Development2025
Exploring Authentication Paradigms in the Internet of Things - A Comprehensive Scoping Review2024
Rational Bidding Meets Emotional Viewing: The Landscape of English Auction Livestreams in The Age of Algorithms2024
Strategic Selection and Design of the First Auction Item: Analyzing Auction Dynamics through “Motion in Mind” and “Potential Reinforcement Energy”2024
Clone node detection in static wireless sensor networks: A hybrid approach2024
Analyzing Soccer Dynamics Using the Motion in Mind Model2024
A Serious Game (``Fight With Virus'') for Preventing COVID-19 Health Rumors: Development and Experimental Study2024
State-of-the-Art Authentication Measures in Satellite Communication Networks: A Comprehensive Analysis2024
A Systematic Literature Review and a Conceptual Framework Proposition for Advanced Persistent Threats (APT) Detection for Mobile Devices Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques2023
A review of long short-term memory approach for time series analysis and forecasting2023
Forecasting of Outpatient Hospital Visits using A Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Model2023
Guest editorial: Special issue on `artificial intelligence and entertainment science: empathic entertainment technology'2023
Recent Developments in Game-Theory Approaches for the Detection and Defense against Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs): A Systematic Review2023
Objectivity and Subjectivity in Variation of Multiple Choice Questions: Linking the Theoretical Concepts Using Motion in Mind2023
Application of Meta-Gaming Concept to the Publishing Platform: Analysis of the Steam Games Platform2023
What makes an ideal team? Analysis of popular multiplayer online battle arena (moba) games2023
Implications of jerk’s on the measure of game’s entertainment: discovering potentially addictive games2022
Nature of arcade games2022
Analysis of the attractiveness of soccer: a game refinement model and the significance of `antagonistic rate'2022
Recent techniques in determining the effects of climate change on depressive patients: a systematic review2022
A solver of single-agent stochastic puzzle: A case study with minesweeper2022
A computational game experience analysis via game refinement theory2022
The dynamics of minority versus majority behaviors: A case study of the mafia game2022
Action games evolution analysis: a case study using the god of war series2022
Capturing potential impact of challenge-based gamification on gamified quizzing in the classroom2021
What constitutes fairness in games? A case study with scrabble2021
Addictive games: Case study on multi-armed bandit game2021
Leveraging bio-inspired knowledge-intensive optimization algorithm in the assembly line balancing problem2021
Objectivity and subjectivity in games: Understanding engagement and addiction mechanism2021
Incorporating shifting bottleneck identification in assembly line balancing problem using an artificial immune system approach2021
Computing games: Bridging the gap between search and entertainment2021
MMORPG evolution analysis from explorer and achiever perspectives: a case study using the final fantasy series2021
Financial time series forecasting using prophet2021
Bridging ride and play comfort2021
Ascertaining the play outcome using the single conspiracy number in gobang2020
Quantifying attractiveness of incomplete-information multi-player game: Case study using doudizhu2020
Nature of attractive multiplayer games: case study on china's most popular card game extemdashDouDiZhu2020
Finding flow in training activities by exploring single-agent arcade game information dynamics2020
Using games to study law of motions in mind2020
A paradigm shift from optimal play to mental comfort: A perspective from the game refinement theory2020
Analyzing the improvement process of table tennis using the game refinement theory2020
An artificial immune system approach for solving type-e assembly line balancing problem with problem-specific information2020
Attractiveness of single-agent game: Case study using sliding puzzle2020
A key factor to maintain engagement: case study using `login system'2020
Characterizing the nature of probability-based proof number search: A case study in the othello and connect four games2020
Analysis of jump and jump game and its possible enhancement2020
Analysis of business model transition based on active user and review value2020
Combining oversampling and undersampling techniques for imbalanced classification: A comparative study using credit card fraudulent transaction dataset2020
Analysis of single-agent game: Case study using minesweeper2020
Player satisfaction model and its implication to cultural change2020
Finding appropriate settings for fairness and engagement in a newly designed game through self-playing AI program: A case study using japanese crossword game extquotesingleMyoGo renju'2020
Informatical analysis of go, part 1: Evolutionary changes of board size2020
Informational analysis of go, part 2: zuozi and huanqitou2020
Analyzing the sophistication of chinese checkers2020
Using curiosity model to characterize edutainment based on learner's growth rate2019
Game refinement theory: Paradigm shift from performance optimization to comfort in mind2019
User-centered entertainment factors for platform transformation and game development2019
Can we save near-dying games? An approach using advantage of initiative and game refinement measures2019
Towards a fairness solution of scrabble with komi system2019
Single conspiracy number analysis in checkers2019
Simulating competitiveness and precision in a tournament structure: a reaper tournament system2019
Analysis of card collection game `hearthstone'2019
Analysis of boardgames using eye-tracking: Case study with gomoku2019
Evolution of games towards the discovery of noble uncertainty2019
Analysis of realm of valor and its business model on pc and mobile platform comparison2018
Alzheimer patient detection using bayesian network model2018
Dynamic crowd evacuation approach for the emergency route planning problem: Application to case studies2018
An artificial immune system approach for type e assembly line balancing problem2018
Automatic detection method of pipeline anomalies on caliper data2018
Classification of manufacturing high dimensional data using deep learning-based approach2018
A survey on bio-inspired multi-agent system for versatile manufacturing assembly line2016
Model student selection using fuzzy logic reasoning approach2016
A cellular automata and navigation graph framework in simulating crowd behavior at bus terminal platform2015
Football player selection using fuzzy logic2015
Optimizing distributed production scheduling problem in flexible manufacturing system subjects to machine maintenance: A modified chemical reaction approach2015
Survey on crowd guidance's optimization algorithm for emergency route planning and management problems2015
Immune-based approach for optimizing emergency route planning problem: application to case studies2015
An artificial immune approach for optimizing crowd emergency evacuation route planning problem2015
Critical position identification in games and its application to speculative play2015
Incorporating dynamism in emergency route planning problem using immune-based approach2015
Identifying critical positions based on conspiracy numbers2015
Dynamism in a semiconductor industrial machine allocation problem using a hybrid of the bio-inspired and musical-harmony approach2015
Content-based filtering algorithm for mobile recipe application2014
Artificial immune system for optimizing public bus transportation route during peak and off-peak hour2014
Improved immune algorithm for optimizing distributed production scheduling problem in flexible manufacturing system subject to machine maintenance2014
Optimizing the distributed production scheduling problems using an immune-based algorithm2014
A crowd modelling considering group cohesion in the emergency route planning problems2014
Artificial immune system for flexible manufacturing system machine loading problem2014
An artificial immune system algorithm for optimizing the distributed production scheduling in the semiconductor assembly industry2013
Preventive maintenance scheduling optimization in semiconductor assembly industry using harmony search algorithm2013
Solving flexible manufacturing system distributed scheduling problem subject to maintenance: An artificial immune system approach2013
An improved immune algorithms for solving flexible manufacturing system distributed production scheduling problem subjects to machine maintenance2013
Solving flexible manufacturing system distributed scheduling problem subject to maintenance using harmony search algorithm2012
A knowledge-based expert system for the smallholder palm oil cultivator in malaysia2012
Showing 113 of 113 works · node size ≈ relative impact
/ currently funded
Research in flight.
ACTIVECo-Investigator
Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Pain Assessment in Postoperative Recovery: A Cross-Sectional Study of AI-Assisted Pain Assessment Tool with Patient Self-Reported Scores in the Post-Anaesthesia Care Unit
Geran Fundamental Fakulti Perubatan(GFFP)
2026 — 2030
ACTIVECo-Investigator
Enhancing Braille Literacy through Novel Interactive Features: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Improve User Engagement in Braille Learning Devices
Geran Translasi UKM (TR-UKM)
2024 — 2026
ACTIVECo-Investigator
Swarm-Based-Enhanced Hyperparameter Optimization for Advancing Random Forest Model in Healthcare Patient Prioritization
Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS)
2024 — 2027
Open to collaboration.
Postgraduate supervision (Master's & PhD), industry research collaboration, and conference invitations are always welcome.
Get in touch →