Auto-generated from this page — always current.↓ Download PDF
MNAK
Mohd Nor Akmal Khalid, Ph.D.
Senior Lecturer (DS13) · Artificial Intelligence, Games & Optimization
Faculty of Information Science & Technology · Center for AI Technology (CAIT) · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
email akmal@ukm.edu.myphone +6011-5662 0079web akmal.appORCID 0000-0002-7909-8869Scopus 55488603600Scholar GJeS-CwAAAAJLinkedIn mohd-nor-akmal-khalid-ts-drResearchGate Mohd-Nor-Akmal-Khalid
113
Publications
1,153
Citations
18
h-index
31
i10-index
14
Postgraduates
10
Research Grants
7 / 30
Q1 / Q2 Scopus
RM 1.51M
Funding
01Professional Profile
Artificial-intelligence researcher and educator working on computational intelligence for games and engagement modelling — spanning nature-inspired optimization, game informatics & entertainment science, and generative/agentic AI. PhD in Evolutionary Computing (Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2018), with a prior appointment as Assistant Professor at the Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), where he co-founded the International Research Center for AI and Entertainment Science. Currently a Senior Lecturer at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia and Research Coordinator at CAIT, leading RM 575,300 as principal investigator within a cumulative RM 1.51M across ten competitive grants — including a national flagship on large language models for the Malay language. Author of 113 publications with 1,153 citations (h-index 18, i10-index 31) and supervisor of 14 postgraduate researchers. A certified Professional Technologist (MBOT), IEEE and AAAI member, guest editor and regular referee for Elsevier and IEEE journals.
02Research Focus
Computational Intelligence & Optimization
Nature-inspired metaheuristics — genetic & immune algorithms, swarm intelligence, memetic hybrids; assembly-line balancing, production scheduling, large-scale combinatorial & continuous optimization
Games Informatics & Engagement Modelling
Game-refinement theory & the “motion in mind” model; measuring and optimizing engagement, addiction & player experience; procedural content generation, gamification, serious games, agent-based simulation
Generative & Agentic AI
Large language models and generative models (transformers, diffusion, GANs) coupled with symbolic and knowledge-based reasoning; agentic content generation, explainable decision support
03Selected Papers
representative work · first / corresponding author∗ first author · † corresponding / senior author · § sole author · Scopus quartile shown where applicable.
Game Informatics & Entertainment Science
§Q2M. N. A. Khalid (2025). Ludogenic innovation: How playing incentivizes technological innovation. Entertainment Computing, 52, 100900.
∗Q2M. N. A. Khalid & H. Iida (2021). Objectivity and subjectivity in games: Understanding engagement and addiction mechanism. IEEE Access, 9, 65187–65205.
†Q2H. Iida & M. N. A. Khalid (2020). Using games to study law of motions in mind. IEEE Access, 8, 138701–138709.
Computational Intelligence & Optimization
∗Q1M. N. A. Khalid & U. K. Yusof (2018). Dynamic crowd evacuation approach for the emergency route planning problem. Safety Science, 102, 263–274.
∗Q2M. N. A. Khalid & U. K. Yusof (2021). Leveraging bio-inspired knowledge-intensive optimization in the assembly line balancing problem. IEEE Access, 9, 117832–117844.
∗Q2M. N. A. Khalid & U. K. Yusof (2020). Incorporating shifting bottleneck identification in assembly line balancing via an artificial immune system approach. Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal.
Expert Systems, AI & Large Language Models
∗Q1M. N. A. Khalid, A. A. Al-Kadhimi & M. M. Singh (2023). Game-theory approaches for detection and defense against advanced persistent threats: A systematic review. Mathematics, 11(6), 1353.
∗M. N. A. Khalid, N. H. Kamarudin, W. Virgiyanti & R. Thurasamy (2025). Framework for assisted knowledge management practices using large language models. Asia-Pacific J. of Information Technology & Multimedia, 14(2).
†Q1M. A. M. Tasir & M. N. A. Khalid (2025). A novel deep neural model for efficient and scalable historical place image classification. Scientific Reports, 15, 42745.
§M. N. A. Khalid (2025). Simulating AI-human collaborative strategies in Sudoku puzzle generation. Int. Conf. on Entertainment Computing, Springer, 468–477.
04Education
2015–2018 · Ph.D., Evolutionary Computing
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Thesis: Enhanced Artificial Immune System for Assembly Line Balancing via Shifting Bottleneck Identification.
2013–2015 · M.Sc., Computer Science
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Thesis: Optimizing Crowd Evacuation in the Emergency Route Planning Problem.
2009–2013 · B.Comp.Sc. (Hons)
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Major: Intelligent Systems; Minor: Management. CGPA 3.15.
05Employment
2023–present · Senior Lecturer
Faculty of Information Science & Technology, UKM.
2018–2023 · Assistant Professor
School of Information Science, JAIST, Japan.
2021–2023 · Part-Time Research Fellow
School of Computer Sciences, USM.
2013–2018 · Graduate Research & Teaching Assistant
School of Computer Sciences, USM.
06Signature Research Grants
10 grants · RM 575,300 as PI · RM 1.51M cumulativeCO-IAI-Enhanced Pain Assessment in Postoperative Recovery (PACU)
Active · newest
PILLM for the Malay National Language
RM 400,000
PIHuman-Machine Collaborative Framework using GAN & Map-Elites (FRGS)
RM 125,300
CO-PISwarm-Based Hyperparameter Optimization for Random Forest in Healthcare (FRGS)
RM 117,700
MEMBERGlobal Warming & Depression Prediction via Deep RNN + HMM (FRGS)
RM 98,400
CO-PIEnhancing Braille Literacy through Novel Interactive Features
RM 77,500
PIA Modified Liquid Neural Network Architecture for Iterative Design Optimization
RM 50,000
PIFusion of Data- & Theory-Driven Research: Empathic Entertainment (founded IRC-AIES, JAIST)
RM 23,259
PIEstablishing a New Research Field of “Comfort in Mind” Science & Technology
RM 16,615
07Developed AI Modules & IP
5 copyrightsAI Technopreneurship · FTSM, UKM (2025)
AI for Education · FTSM, UKM (2025)
AI for Workplace · FTSM, UKM (2025)
AI-Assisted Research Writing · FTSM, UKM (2024)
AI-Assisted Systematic Literature Review · FTSM, UKM (2024)
08Journal Articles
70 peer-reviewed · 2013–20251. Q4W. D. Ahmad, A. A. Bakar, and M. N. A. Khalid (2025). A systematic literature review on the sand cat swarm algorithm: Enhancements, applications, and future directions. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, vol. 16, pp. 538–553.
2. Q2O. Bashaddadh, N. Omar, M. Mohd, and M. N. A. Khalid (2025). Machine learning and deep learning approaches for fake news detection: A systematic review of techniques, challenges, and advancements. IEEE Access, vol. 13, pp. 90 433–90 466.
3. Q2N. Gao, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2025). The impact of performance degree on players: Exploring player enjoyment and engagement in the dynamic of game process. Entertainment Computing, vol. 52, p. 100 887.
4. Q2M. N. A. Khalid (2025). Ludogenic innovation: How playing incentivizes technological innovation. Entertainment Computing, vol. 52, p. 100 900.
5. ScopusM. N. A. Khalid, N. H. Kamarudin, W. Virgiyanti, and R. Thurasamy (2025). Framework for assisted knowledge management practices using large language models: Preliminary findings. Asia-Pacific Journal of Information Technology & Multimedia, vol. 14, no. 2.
6. Q2M. Numan, H. Iida, and M. N. A. Khalid (2025). From opening to endgame: When does the game get engaging and exciting? Exploring phase-based velocity dynamics using the mim framework. IEEE Access, vol. 13, pp. 172 326–172 340.
7. Q2M. Numan, H. Iida, and M. N. A. Khalid (2025). Modeling sports engagement: A game refinement theory perspective on game length and scoring frequency. IEEE Access, vol. 13, pp. 103 264–103 281.
8. Q2L. Siqi, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2025). Enhancing auction experiences: Game dynamics and customer experience design. Entertainment Computing, vol. 54, p. 100 959.
9. Q1M. A. M. Tasir and M. N. A. Khalid (2025). A novel deep neural model for efficient and scalable historical place image classification. Scientific Reports, vol. 15, no. 1, p. 42 745.
10. ScopusS. Thavamuni, M. N. A. Khalid, Y. Kohda, and H. Iida (2025). Analyzing the gacha system in genshin impact: Odds, mechanics and player enticement. Asia-Pacific Journal of Information Technology and Multimedia, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 61–71.
11. ScopusS. Thavamuni, H. Iida, and M. N. A. Khalid (2025). Studying the emotional impact of increasing cooperative players towards the difficulty of a game. Asia-Pacific Journal of Information Technology & Multimedia, vol. 14, no. 2.
12. Q2S. Thavamuni, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2025). Inherent addiction mechanisms in video games’ gacha. Information, vol. 16, no. 10.
13. Q1A. Ullah, M. Numan, M. N. A. Khalid, and A. Majid (2025). Words shaping worlds: A comprehensive exploration of text-driven image and video generation with generative adversarial networks. Neurocomputing, vol. 632, p. 129 767.
14. Q1X. Yu, M. N. A. Khalid, A. Abu Bakar, et al. (2025). A novel 2d hyperchaotic map with high complexity and its application in dcsk. Physica Scripta, vol. 100, no. 11, p. 115 228.
15. Q4N. A. Zaini, T. S. M. Tengku Wook, M. N. A. Khalid, and S. A. Mohd Noah (2025). User requirements of adaptive learning through digital game-based learning: User-centered design approach to enhance the language literacy development. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science & Applications, vol. 16, no. 9.
16. Q2N. H. Kamarudin, N. H. S. Suhaimi, F. A. Nor Rashid, M. N. A. Khalid, and F. Mohd Ali (2024). Exploring authentication paradigms in the internet of things: A comprehensive scoping review. Symmetry, vol. 16, no. 2, p. 171.
17. ScopusS. Li, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2024). Rational bidding meets emotional viewing: The landscape of english auction livestreams in the age of algorithms. Asia-Pacific Journal of Information Technology and Multimedia, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 105–118.
18. ScopusS. Li, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2024). Strategic selection and design of the first auction item: Analyzing auction dynamics through “motion in mind” and “potential reinforcement energy.” Asia-Pacific Journal of Information Technology and Multimedia, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 298–312.
19. ScopusM. Numan, H. Iida, and M. N. A. Khalid (2024). Analyzing soccer dynamics using the motion in mind model. Asia-Pacific Journal of Information Technology and Multimedia, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 266–286.
20. Q1M. Numan, F. Subhan, M. N. A. Khalid, W. Z. Khan, and H. Iida (2024). Clone node detection in static wireless sensor networks: A hybrid approach. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 232, p. 104 018.
21. Q2N. H. S. Suhaimi, N. H. Kamarudin, M. N. A. Khalid, I. Tahir, and M. A. A. Mohamed (2024). State-of-the-art authentication measures in satellite communication networks: A comprehensive analysis. IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 142 241–142 264.
22. Q4S. Xiong, L. Zuo, Q. Chen, Z. Zeliang, and M. N. A. Khalid (2024). A serious game (“fight with virus”) for preventing covid-19 health rumors: Development and experimental study. JMIR Serious Games, vol. 12, e45546.
23. Q2P. Anunpattana, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2023). Objectivity and subjectivity in variation of multiple choice questions: Linking the theoretical concepts using motion in mind. IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 35 371–35 397.
24. Q1A. A. Al-Kadhimi, M. M. Singh, and M. N. A. Khalid (2023). A systematic literature review and a conceptual framework proposition for advanced persistent threats (apt) detection for mobile devices using artificial intelligence techniques. Applied Sciences, vol. 13, no. 14.
25. Q1M. N. A. Khalid, A. A. Al-Kadhimi, and M. M. Singh (2023). Recent developments in game-theory approaches for the detection and defense against advanced persistent threats (apts): A systematic review. Mathematics, vol. 11, no. 6.
26. Q2M. N. Rizani, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2023). Application of meta-gaming concept to the publishing platform: Analysis of the steam games platform. Information, vol. 14, no. 2.
27. Q2S. Thavamuni, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2022). What makes an ideal team? Analysis of popular multiplayer online battle arena (moba) games. Entertainment Computing, vol. 44, p. 100 523.
28. Q2N. Gao, H. Chang, Z. Zhang, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2022). Implications of jerk’s on the measure of game’s entertainment: Discovering potentially addictive games. IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 134 362–134 376.
29. Q2Y. Gao, C. Liu, N. Gao, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2022). Nature of arcade games. Entertainment Computing, vol. 41, p. 100 469.
30. ScopusL. Hao, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2022). Analysis of the attractiveness of soccer: A game refinement model and the significance of ‘antagonistic rate’. Journal of Creative Industry and Sustainable Culture, vol. 1, pp. 203–223.
31. ScopusN. I. A. Kader, U. K. Yusof, M. N. A. Khalid, and N. R. N. Husain (2022). Recent techniques in determining the effects of climate change on depressive patients: A systematic review. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, vol. 2022, pp. 1–11.
32. Q1C. Liu, S. Huang, G. Naying, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2022). A solver of single-agent stochastic puzzle: A case study with minesweeper. Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 246, p. 108 630.
33. ScopusG. Naying, G. Yuexian, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2022). A computational game experience analysis via game refinement theory. Telematics and Informatics Reports, vol. 9, p. 100 039.
34. Q2H. Ri, X. Kang, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2022). The dynamics of minority versus majority behaviors: A case study of the mafia game. Information, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 134.
35. Q2Z. Zhang, N. Gao, S. Li, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2022). Action games evolution analysis: A case study using the god of war series. IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 123 697–123 710.
36. Q2H. P. P. Aung, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2021). What constitutes fairness in games? A case study with scrabble. Information, vol. 12, no. 9, p. 352.
37. Q2X. Kang, H. Ri, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2021). Addictive games: Case study on multi-armed bandit game. Information, vol. 12, no. 12, p. 521.
38. Q2M. N. A. Khalid and H. Iida (2021). Objectivity and subjectivity in games: Understanding engagement and addiction mechanism. IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 65 187–65 205.
39. Q2M. N. A. Khalid and U. K. Yusof (2021). Leveraging bio-inspired knowledge-intensive optimization algorithm in the assembly line balancing problem. IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 117 832–117 844.
40. Q2A. Primanita, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2021). Computing games: Bridging the gap between search and entertainment. IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 72 087–72 102.
41. Q2H. Wang, Z. Zhang, M. N. A. Khalid, H. Iida, and K. Li (2021). MMORPG evolution analysis from explorer and achiever perspectives: A case study using the final fantasy series. Information, vol. 12, no. 6, p. 229.
42. Q2Z. Zhang, K. Xiaohan, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2021). Bridging ride and play comfort. Information, vol. 12, no. 3, p. 119.
43. Q2Y. Gao, W. Li, Y. Xiao, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2020). Nature of attractive multiplayer games: Case study on china’s most popular card game—DouDiZhu. Information, vol. 11, no. 3, p. 141.
44. H. Iida and M. N. A. Khalid (2020). A paradigm shift from optimal play to mental comfort: A perspective from the game refinement theory. International Journal of Informatics, Information System and Computer Engineering (INJIISCOM), vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 48–81.
45. Q2H. Iida and M. N. A. Khalid (2020). Using games to study law of motions in mind. IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 138 701–138 709.
46. Q2M. N. A. Khalid and U. K. Yusof (2020). Incorporating shifting bottleneck identification in assembly line balancing problem using an artificial immune system approach. Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal.
47. Q2A. Primanita, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2020). Characterizing the nature of probability-based proof number search: A case study in the othello and connect four games. Information, vol. 11, no. 5, p. 264.
48. Q2K. Xiaohan, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2020). Player satisfaction model and its implication to cultural change. IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 184 375–184 382.
49. Q2L. Xinyue, F. Luping, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2020). Finding appropriate settings for fairness and engagement in a newly designed game through self-playing AI program: A case study using japanese crossword game ’MyoGo renju’. Entertainment Computing, vol. 34, p. 100 358.
50. Q2W. Yisi, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2020). Analyzing the sophistication of chinese checkers. Entertainment Computing, vol. 34, p. 100 363.
51. S. Agarwal, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2019). Game refinement theory: Paradigm shift from performance optimization to comfort in mind. Entertainment Computing, vol. 32, p. 100314.
52. A. V. N. Dinh, N. P. H. Bao, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2019). Simulating competitiveness and precision in a tournament structure: A reaper tournament system. International Journal of Information Technology, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1–18.
53. P. Anunpattana, M. N. A. Khalid, U. K. Yusof, and H. Iida (2018). Analysis of realm of valor and its business model on PC and mobile platform comparison. Asia-Pacific Journal of Information Technology and Multimedia, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 1–11.
54. C. T. Fei, M. N. A. Khalid, and U. K. Yusof (2018). Alzheimer patient detection using Bayesian network model. Advanced Science Letters, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 1289–1292.
55. M. N. A. Khalid and U. K. Yusof (2018). Dynamic crowd evacuation approach for the emergency route planning problem: Application to case studies. Safety Science, vol. 102, pp. 263–274.
56. M. N. A. Khalid, U. K. Yusof, and M. T. Isa (2018). Automatic detection method of pipeline anomalies on caliper data. Advanced Science Letters, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 1293–1297.
57. M. N. A. Khalid, U. K. Yusof, and Z. F. Zaaba (2018). An artificial immune system approach for type-E assembly line balancing problem. International Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJET), vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 220–227.
58. U. K. Yusof and M. N. A. Khalid (2018). Classification of manufacturing high dimensional data using deep learning-based approach. Big Data Summit 2: HPC & AI Empowering Data Analytics, p. 1.
59. M. N. A. Khalid, U. K. Yusof, and K. M. Ku Aman (2016). A survey on bio-inspired multi-agent system for versatile manufacturing assembly line. ICIC Express Letters, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1–7.
60. M. N. A. Khalid and U. K. Yusof (2015). An artificial immune approach for optimizing crowd emergency evacuation route planning problem. ICAART, vol. 2, pp. 503–508.
61. M. N. A. Khalid and U. K. Yusof (2015). Immune-based approach for optimizing emergency route planning problem: Application to case studies. ICIC Express Letters, vol. 9, no. 12, pp. 3291–3298.
62. M. N. A. Khalid and U. K. Yusof (2015). Optimizing distributed production scheduling problem in flexible manufacturing system subject to machine maintenance: A modified chemical reaction approach. International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 213–229.
63. M. N. A. Khalid, U. K. Yusof, H. Iida, and T. Ishitobi (2015). Critical position identification in games and its application to speculative play. ICAART, vol. 2, pp. 38–45.
64. M. N. A. Khalid, U. K. Yusof, and A. T. Khader (2015). Survey on crowd guidance's optimization algorithm for emergency route planning and management problems. International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 791–798.
65. L. Y. P. Fang, U. K. Yusof, and M. N. A. Khalid (2014). Artificial immune system for optimizing public bus transportation route during peak and off-peak hour. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, vol. 8, no. 8, p. 24.
66. M. N. A. Khalid and U. K. Yusof (2014). A crowd modelling considering group cohesion in the emergency route planning problems. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, vol. 8, pp. 33–39.
67. M. N. A. Khalid and U. K. Yusof (2014). Improved immune algorithm for optimizing distributed production scheduling problem in flexible manufacturing system subject to machine maintenance. International Journal of Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 19–30.
68. M. N. A. Khalid and U. K. Yusof (2014). Optimizing the distributed production scheduling problems using an immune-based algorithm. Journal of Network and Innovative Computing (JNIC), vol. 2, pp. 166–177.
69. U. K. Yusof, M. N. A. Khalid, and A. T. Khader (2014). Artificial immune system for flexible manufacturing system machine loading problem. ICIC Express Letters, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 709–716.
70. M. N. A. Khalid, U. K. Yusof, and A. T. Khader (2013). Solving flexible manufacturing system distributed scheduling problem subject to maintenance: An artificial immune system approach. ICIC Express Letters, vol. 7, no. 3.
09Conference Proceedings
33 papers1. M. N. A. Khalid (2025). Exploring efficiency and solution diversity for type-E assembly line balancing problem. 2025 IEEE 15th ICCSCE, pp. 12–17.
2. M. N. A. Khalid (2025). Simulating AI-human collaborative strategies in Sudoku puzzle generation. Int. Conf. on Entertainment Computing, Springer, pp. 468–477.
3. N. I. Ab Kader, U. K. Yusof, and M. N. A. Khalid (2023). Forecasting of outpatient hospital visits using a bidirectional LSTM model. 2023 8th ICBIR, IEEE, pp. 1003–1008.
4. Y. An, A. Primanita, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2020). Ascertaining the play outcome using the single conspiracy number in Gobang. 2020 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG).
5. L. Jiangzhou, A. Primanita, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2020). Analyzing the improvement process of table tennis using game refinement theory. SICONIAN 2019, Atlantis Press.
6. M. N. A. Khalid, U. K. Yusof, and H. Iida (2020). An artificial immune system approach for solving type-E assembly line balancing problem with problem-specific information. 2020 IEEE 16th ICCA.
7. C. Liu, S. Huang, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2020). Attractiveness of single-agent game: Case study using sliding puzzle. 2020 ICAIT.
8. G. Naying, A. Primanita, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2020). A key factor to maintain engagement: Case study using 'login system'. SICONIAN 2019, Atlantis Press.
9. H. Ri, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2020). Analysis of Jump & Jump game and its possible enhancement. 2020 ICAIT.
10. M. N. Rizani, M. N. A. Khalid, H. Iida, and R. F. Malik (2020). Analysis of business model transition based on active user and review value. Int. Conf. on the Foundations of Digital Games, ACM.
11. H. Shamsudin, U. K. Yusof, A. Jayalakshmi, and M. N. A. Khalid (2020). Combining oversampling and undersampling for imbalanced classification: A study using a credit-card fraud dataset. 2020 IEEE 16th ICCA.
12. W. Tingting, H. Shunqi, H. P. P. Aung, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2020). Analysis of single-agent game: Case study using Minesweeper. 2020 ICAIT.
13. W. Yicong, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2020). Informatical analysis of Go, part 1: Evolutionary changes of board size. 2020 IEEE CoG.
14. W. Yicong, C. Liu, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2020). Informational analysis of Go, part 2: Zuozi and Huanqitou. 2020 ICAIT.
15. S. Agarwal, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2019). Using curiosity model to characterize edutainment based on learner's growth rate. INCITEST 2019, EAI.
16. P. Anunpattana, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2019). User-centered entertainment factors for platform transformation and game development. INCITEST 2019, EAI.
17. H. P. P. Aung and M. N. A. Khalid (2019). Can we save near-dying games? An approach using advantage of initiative and game refinement measures. INCITEST 2019, EAI.
18. H. P. P. Aung, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2019). Towards a fairness solution of Scrabble with Komi system. 2019 ICAIT, IEEE.
19. S. Busala, Z. Song, H. Iida, M. N. A. Khalid, and U. K. Yusof (2019). Single conspiracy number analysis in checkers. ICAART 2019, SciTePress, pp. 539–546.
20. C. Xiao, A. Primanita, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2019). Analysis of card collection game 'Hearthstone'. 2019 TAAI, IEEE.
21. K. Xiaohan, Z. Zhang, A. Primanita, M. N. A. Khalid, H. Iida, and B. Han (2019). Analysis of boardgames using eye-tracking: Case study with Gomoku. 2019 TAAI, IEEE.
22. W. Yicong, H. P. P. Aung, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2019). Evolution of games towards the discovery of noble uncertainty. 2019 ICAIT, IEEE.
23. M. N. A. Khalid, U. K. Yusof, and L. G. Xiang (2016). Model student selection using fuzzy logic reasoning approach. 2016 ICAICTA, IEEE, pp. 1–6.
24. N. I. Abdul Khader, H. Shamsudin, N. D. Abdul Razak, U. K. Yusof, and M. N. A. Khalid (2015). A cellular automata and navigation graph framework in simulating crowd behavior at bus terminal platform. IWGA 2015, pp. 275–281.
25. M. B. Burhanuddin, M. S. Suhaimi, M. T. Isa, U. K. Yusof, and M. N. A. Khalid (2015). Football player selection using fuzzy logic. ACIS 2015, IEEJ.
26. M. N. A. Khalid and U. K. Yusof (2015). Incorporating dynamism in emergency route planning problem using immune-based approach. 2015 4th ICSECS, IEEE, pp. 160–165.
27. U. K. Yusof and M. N. A. Khalid (2015). Dynamism in a semiconductor industrial machine allocation problem using a hybrid bio-inspired and musical-harmony approach. IOP Conf. Series: MSE, vol. 83.
28. T. L. Cheng, U. K. Yusof, and M. N. A. Khalid (2014). Content-based filtering algorithm for mobile recipe application. 2014 8th MySEC, IEEE, pp. 183–188.
29. N. I. M. Anuar, U. K. Yusof, and M. N. A. Khalid (2013). An artificial immune system algorithm for optimizing distributed production scheduling in the semiconductor assembly industry. 2013 13th ISDA, IEEE, pp. 259–264.
30. N. I. Azhar, U. K. Yusof, and M. N. A. Khalid (2013). Preventive maintenance scheduling optimization in semiconductor assembly industry using harmony search algorithm. 2013 IEEE SCOReD, pp. 254–259.
31. M. N. A. Khalid and U. K. Yusof (2013). An improved immune algorithm for solving flexible manufacturing system distributed production scheduling problem subject to machine maintenance. Int. Conf. on Applied Mathematics and Computational Methods, vol. 1, pp. 132–139.
32. M. N. A. Khalid and U. K. Yusof (2012). A knowledge-based expert system for the smallholder palm oil cultivator in Malaysia. 2012 IEEE SCOReD, pp. 256–261.
33. M. N. A. Khalid, U. K. Yusof, and M. Sabudin (2012). Solving flexible manufacturing system distributed scheduling problem subject to maintenance using harmony search algorithm. 2012 4th DMO, IEEE, pp. 73–79.
10Book Chapters
31. Y. Gao, N. Gao, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2020). Finding flow in training activities by exploring single-agent arcade game information dynamics. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer, pp. 126–133.
2. Y. Gao, W. Li, M. N. A. Khalid, and H. Iida (2020). Quantifying attractiveness of incomplete-information multi-player game: Case study using DouDiZhu. Computational Science and Technology, Springer, pp. 301–310.
3. M. N. A. Khalid, E. M. Ang, U. K. Yusof, H. Iida, and T. Ishitobi (2015). Identifying critical positions based on conspiracy numbers. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer, pp. 100–127.
11Postgraduate Supervision
14 total · 7 as main supervisorOngoing — 12 researchers
PHD·MAINYu Xiong (2021) — Discrete chaotic maps with enhanced dynamical properties for image encryption.
PHD·MAINWang Yuting (2023) — Large-scale differential evolution via short-board dimension identification for flexible job-shop scheduling.
MSC·MAINMd All Moon Tasir (2024) — Hybrid CNN-Transformer-Mamba for interpretable historical place image classification.
PHD·MAINSyed Sohaib Ali Shah (2024) — Prototype-guided sparse MoE for efficient multimodal federated fall detection on edge devices.
PHD·MAINHalimaton Saadiah Sadon (2025) — Adaptive decision-based multimodal learning for deaf TVET students.
PHD·MAINWaseem Mishaal Hamdoon (2025) — Explainable AI framework for urban air-quality early warning.
PHD·MAINNur Niswah Hasina Mohammad Amin (2025) — Human-AI collaborative framework for creative-thinking learning.
PHD·COSaadeddin Ali Mohammad Hroub (2020) — Swarm-based hyperparameter optimization of random forest for surgical patient prioritization.
PHD·CONajwa Abd Ghafar (2022) — Cognitive AR learning model integrating multimodal interaction and gamification.
PHD·COMarwan Ghazwan Mitab Al Zuhairi (2022) — SHAP analysis in metaheuristic feature selection for disease-progress prediction.
PHD·COWirawati Dewi Ahmad (2023) — Hyperbolic sand-cat swarm algorithm for multi-objective flexible job scheduling.
PHD·COOmar Hammad Jasim (2023) — Deep learning for misinformation detection on big data in Arabic.
Graduated
PHD·COHaziqah Shamsudin (2023) — AE-XGBoost with boosted ε-greedy deep Q-learning for highly imbalanced classification. Now Senior Lecturer, Taylor's University.
PHD·CONur Izzati Abd Kader (2025) — HMM with RNN for the impact of climate change on depression in Malaysia. Now Senior Lecturer, UNITEN.
12Awards & Honours
5- Best Paper Award — M-CAIT 2021, UKM
- Best Paper Award — IRICT 2020
- Best Paper Award — iCiCSE 2018, Kuching
- Best Student Paper Award — ICCST'16, Kota Kinabalu
- Certificate of Excellence — Industrial Training, USM (2011)
13Teaching
FTSM, UKMNow Advanced Artificial Intelligence (TTTC6544, PG)
Now Advanced Research Method in Computing (TTTM6124, PG)
Now Computer Organization & Architecture (TTTK1153, UG)
Now 3D Modelling (TTTH2213, UG) · Digital Innovation (TTTT1221, UG)
Past Discrete Mathematics, System Simulation & Modeling, Probability & Statistics, Database (UG)
2019–23 Game Informatics (M.Sc./Ph.D., JAIST)
14Technical Skills
Programming
C++C#.NETPythonJavaRMATLABScilabPHPSQLPrologLaTeX
Data & Web
MySQLNeo4jSQLiteXQueryHTML/CSSJavaScriptApacheTomcat
Professional
Research & PublishingTeaching & TrainingConsultationPeer Review
Languages
English (fluent)Bahasa Malaysia (native)
15Membership & Certification
- Professional Technologist, MBOT (2023–)
- IEEE Member & Computational Intelligence Society (2019–)
- AAAI Member · MyAIS (AIS Malaysia Chapter)
- Research Coordinator, CAIT · JPPI Committee, FTSM
16Editorial & Professional Service
- Guest Editor — Entertainment Computing (Elsevier), Information (MDPI), PeerJ Computer Science
- Program Committee — IFIP-ICEC, AGENTICS/IJCCI 2025, AWIST
- General Chair — ASEAN Workshop on Information Science & Technology; AI & Entertainment Science Workshop, JAIST
- Referee — Elsevier, IEEE and other reputable journals
- Academic Collaboration Advisor — JAIST (2024–2026)
- Invited Speaker — 15+ talks on AI, entertainment science, gamification & scientific publishing
17References
Prof. Dr. Shahrul Azman Mohd Noah
Professor & Dean, Faculty of Information Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
✉ shahrul@ukm.edu.my
Prof. Dr. Hiroyuki Iida
Professor & Vice President, School of Information Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa, Japan.
✉ iida@jaist.ac.jp